• In rats exposed to day of nicotine withdrawal h

  2020-02-20

  

  In rats exposed to 1 day of nicotine withdrawal (24 h after the last nicotine administration) we expected a decrease of general locomotor activity and a decrease of global striatal dopamine release, which were assessed in a previous study following 14 days of nicotine exposure and 24 h of nicotine w

• Although information regarding the influence of PGE on

  2020-02-20

  

  Although information regarding the influence of PGE2 on cardiac fibroblast cell growth is sparse, the effect of PGE2 on other cell types has been studied extensively, particularly in cancer and cancer cell lines where COX-2 is over-expressed. Constitutive high levels of COX-2 expression have been no

• br Fragment based drug discovery FBDD is a powerful method

  2020-02-20

  

  Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a powerful method to discover drug leads and has been widely adopted in both academia and industry. FBDD can be used to explore chemical Vincristine sulfate receptor space with libraries which are smaller in size, producing drug leads with high ligand-bindi

• In conclusion this study provides the first investigation of

  2020-02-19

  

  In conclusion, this study provides the first investigation of role of ACC receptors in parasitic nematodes. While research using C. elegans to evaluate anthelmintic targets is an excellent tool to provide relevant information, research on similar targets in parasitic nematode can provide key informa

• comt inhibitors br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-02-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our previous study showed that ERRγ negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via inhibiting Runx2 transactivity (Jeong et al., 2009). In the present study, we found that ERRγ also induced miR-433 in osteogenic mesenchymal cell lineage C3H10T1/

• br Roles of ERR in Physiology and Disease br Concluding

  2020-02-19

  

  Roles of ERRγ in Physiology and Disease Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Over the last decade, the generation of tissue-specific ERRγ transgenic or knockout mice and the use of synthetic ligands have rapidly advanced our understanding of the roles of ERRγ in cellular functions, altho

• It is well established that a number

  2020-02-19

  

  It is well established that a number of intracellular signaling pathways mediate sensitization of sensory neurons (Gold and Gebhart, 2010, Richardson and Vasko, 2002). This redundancy could be advantageous since it provides diversity in initiating and maintaining hypersensitivity in response to inju

• Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways p

  2020-02-19

  

  Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways play in eukaryotes, bacterial pathogens and viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack host Ub signaling pathways and evade the immune response. This is highlighted by the numerous E3 Ub ligases and spectrum of DUBs encoded by bacte

• Introduction Progesterone also known as P

  2020-02-18

  

  Introduction Progesterone, also known as P4, is a steroid hormone acting as a key component in the complex regulation of female reproductive function. P4 plays major physiological roles in the uterus and ovary by releasing mature oocytes helping in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, as well

• The crystal structure of full length CHK is still

  2020-02-18

  

  The crystal structure of full-length CHK is still unsolved. However, the close homology between CHK and Csk suggests that these kinases share a similar structure. Therefore, the engagement of the CHK SH2–kinase linker with the αC-helix could control the activity of the CHK kinase domain. Sequence al

• ERR and ERR share high sequence

  2020-02-18

  

  ERRα and ERRγ share high sequence homology at their DNA binding domain (98% identity) and bind response elements in a similar fashion (Fig. 3 and Liu et al., 2005), yet ERRγ shows high variability in its capacity to stimulate the different response elements, whereas ERRα does not (Fig. 6A). For exam

• Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian

  2020-02-18

  

  Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian cell systems.32, 33, 34 Our results demonstrate that these cytokines also trigger ER stress in trophoblast JEG-3 cells. However, the severity of stress is likely low grade because only the PERK-EIF2A arm of the UPRER pathway was activated.

• br Analytical improvements Since our review of Oxysterol Met

  2020-02-18

  

  Analytical improvements Since our review of “Oxysterol Metabolomes” in 2011 [7], there have been a number of improvements in analytical methods for the analysis of oxysterols and related compounds. McDonald and colleagues in Dallas have refined their LC-MS methods which are now applicable for ana

• In contrast T bet downregulated the

  2020-02-18

  

  In contrast, T-bet downregulated the expression of Tfh functional molecules, CD40L, ICOS, and IL-21; accordingly, T-bet overexpression abrogated the helper function of IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Thus, T-bet seems more involved in the downregulation of the helper functions than in the differentia

• A key inciting event in atherosclerosis

  2020-02-18

  

  A key inciting event in atherosclerosis is the deposition of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space of major arteries. In the subendothelium, native LDL is no longer protected by circulating antioxidants and is oxidatively modified to oxidized LDL (OxLDL) [5]. OxLDL i

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