• br Roles of ERR in Physiology and Disease br Concluding

  2020-02-19

  

  Roles of ERRγ in Physiology and Disease Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Over the last decade, the generation of tissue-specific ERRγ transgenic or knockout mice and the use of synthetic ligands have rapidly advanced our understanding of the roles of ERRγ in cellular functions, altho

• It is well established that a number

  2020-02-19

  

  It is well established that a number of intracellular signaling pathways mediate sensitization of sensory neurons (Gold and Gebhart, 2010, Richardson and Vasko, 2002). This redundancy could be advantageous since it provides diversity in initiating and maintaining hypersensitivity in response to inju

• Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways p

  2020-02-19

  

  Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways play in eukaryotes, bacterial pathogens and viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack host Ub signaling pathways and evade the immune response. This is highlighted by the numerous E3 Ub ligases and spectrum of DUBs encoded by bacte

• Introduction Progesterone also known as P

  2020-02-18

  

  Introduction Progesterone, also known as P4, is a steroid hormone acting as a key component in the complex regulation of female reproductive function. P4 plays major physiological roles in the uterus and ovary by releasing mature oocytes helping in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, as well

• The crystal structure of full length CHK is still

  2020-02-18

  

  The crystal structure of full-length CHK is still unsolved. However, the close homology between CHK and Csk suggests that these kinases share a similar structure. Therefore, the engagement of the CHK SH2–kinase linker with the αC-helix could control the activity of the CHK kinase domain. Sequence al

• ERR and ERR share high sequence

  2020-02-18

  

  ERRα and ERRγ share high sequence homology at their DNA binding domain (98% identity) and bind response elements in a similar fashion (Fig. 3 and Liu et al., 2005), yet ERRγ shows high variability in its capacity to stimulate the different response elements, whereas ERRα does not (Fig. 6A). For exam

• Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian

  2020-02-18

  

  Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian cell systems.32, 33, 34 Our results demonstrate that these cytokines also trigger ER stress in trophoblast JEG-3 cells. However, the severity of stress is likely low grade because only the PERK-EIF2A arm of the UPRER pathway was activated.

• br Analytical improvements Since our review of Oxysterol Met

  2020-02-18

  

  Analytical improvements Since our review of “Oxysterol Metabolomes” in 2011 [7], there have been a number of improvements in analytical methods for the analysis of oxysterols and related compounds. McDonald and colleagues in Dallas have refined their LC-MS methods which are now applicable for ana

• In contrast T bet downregulated the

  2020-02-18

  

  In contrast, T-bet downregulated the expression of Tfh functional molecules, CD40L, ICOS, and IL-21; accordingly, T-bet overexpression abrogated the helper function of IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Thus, T-bet seems more involved in the downregulation of the helper functions than in the differentia

• A key inciting event in atherosclerosis

  2020-02-18

  

  A key inciting event in atherosclerosis is the deposition of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space of major arteries. In the subendothelium, native LDL is no longer protected by circulating antioxidants and is oxidatively modified to oxidized LDL (OxLDL) [5]. OxLDL i

• The use of inhibitors clearly has its caveats

  2020-02-18

  

  The use of inhibitors clearly has its caveats and the field should come to a consensus on etomoxir concentration to maximally block LC-FAO while minimalizing off-target effects. The current papers convincingly show that 200 μM is too high, but it should be noted that 3 μM does not fully suppress LC-

• br RING type E s and

  2020-02-17

  

  RING-type E3s and their substrates There is enormous diversity in substrate ubiquitination and its regulation, as the targets of RING-type E3s are incredibly varied. RING-type E3s are implicated as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and mediators of endocytosis, and play critical roles in complex mult

• The CPA parameters of SO were calculated based on

  2020-02-17

  

  The CPA parameters of SO2 were calculated based on Eq. (11) using the vapor pressure and saturated liquid density data of SO2 over the reduced temperature range of 0.55 to 0.9. All of the data used were taken from the NIST database [53]. The resulting CPA parameters of SO2 are presented in Table S1

• Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay and ChEs

  2020-02-17

  

  Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay and ChEs activity has been widely used as a biomarker of genotoxicity and exposure to pesticide respectively, to measure the risk related to pesticides in the exposed population [15]. Very few studies have explored the association between DNA damage and worker

• glycosylase Similarly EGCG restored the mitochondrial energy

  2020-02-17

  

  Similarly, EGCG restored the mitochondrial energy shortfall in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts of the patients affected by Down syndrome, even so the mechanism of the effect was not clearly known (Valenti et al., 2013). EGCG also stimulated the mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of nuclear respirat

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