• br Summary and perspectives In recent decades enormous advan

  2019-11-29

  

  Summary and perspectives In recent decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the development of enzyme-activatable imaging probes, enabling the accurate detection of enzyme activity in vivo to better understand the biological function of enzymes in disease processes. Activatable probes are

• AMN-107 Although CCR expression clearly identifies MBC precu

  2019-11-29

  

  Although CCR6 expression clearly identifies MBC precursors within the GC, we found that the expression of this chemokine receptor by responding AMN-107 was not required for MBC differentiation and had no detectable impact on the GC subsets analyzed in this study. Although this is in agreement with

• br Results br Discussion The process by which

  2019-11-29

  

  Results Discussion The process by which MBCs differentiate from GC B cell precursors remains mostly uncharacterized, in large part because of the uncertainty surrounding the nature of the precursor THZ1 within the GC. The identification here of a distinct subset of GC B cells, CCR6+ LZ B cell

• One of the therapeutic proteins used in cancer therapy is

  2019-11-28

  

  One of the therapeutic proteins used in cancer therapy is glucarpidase, also known as Carboxypeptidase G2, CPG2, which originates from the bacterium Variovorax paradoxus (old name, Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16). It has no mammalian equivalent (Thompson et al., 1994; Kamlage, 1994) and is a zinc-depe

• Magnetic interactions between metal ions are usually describ

  2019-11-28

  

  Magnetic interactions between metal ions are usually described by superexchange via intermediate ligands. Although the general principles of the superexchange mechanism are essentially the same for d and f ions, calculations of exchange parameters for lanthanides are more difficult than for transiti

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant

  2019-11-28

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Uwe Knippschild and Martin Wabitsch (SFB 1149/B4). P. Fischer-Posovszky is funded by a Margarete von Wrangell scholarship financed by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württem

• In this study we were able derive new

  2019-11-28

  

  In this study, we were able derive new insights into the biology of DDR2 including the demonstration that cellular tyrosine phosphorylated proteins co-localise with DDR2 and exogenously added collagen I (Fig. 1G). This finding suggests that similar to the focal adhesion complexes associated with int

• An important role for the precursor molecule of the

  2019-11-28

  

  An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener

• Elevated DPP activity has been strongly associated with diab

  2019-11-28

  

  Elevated DPP-4 activity has been strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, IR (Röhrborn et al., 2015), metabolic syndrome (Lamers et al., 2011) and inflammation (Zhong et al., 2015). However, report has it that GC exposure increases DPP-4activity in thymocyte homogenates (Kraml et al., 2003) but t

• br Results and Discussion br

  2019-11-28

  

  Results and Discussion Conclusions Based on their common NTP pyrophosphatase activity, similar size of the catalytic domains, and the conservation of glutamate residues, it was assumed previously that the MazG and HisE families were related to MutT and other Nudix family hydrolases (see Zhang

• The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin cargo

  2019-11-28

  

  The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant

• Fatty acid oxidation plays a crucial role

  2019-11-28

  

  Fatty SB203580 β-oxidation plays a crucial role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. It mainly occurs in mitochondria and involves a cyclical series of reactions that result in the shortening of fatty acids. Fatty acids comprise an efficient source of energy that

• In particular EphB has been one of

  2019-11-27

  

  In particular, EphB4 has been one of the most studied receptor of the Eph family: inhibition of EphB4 expression using interfering-RNA or antisense oligonucleotides inhibited proliferation, survival and invasion of PC3 prostate cancer abnormal lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of Eph

• To understand the behavior of enzymes in ILs at

  2019-11-27

  

  To understand the behavior of enzymes in ILs at a molecular level, it is first desirable to dissolve enzymes in the solvents. For soluble catalysts, there are many relatively simple spectroscopic and other techniques for obtaining accurate information at a molecular level. Parker et al. [9] reported

• Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal

  2019-11-27

  

  Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal role as a constituent of biological membranes and as a precursor for vitamins, hormones and bile acids. Accordingly, its production, distribution, and elimination must be tightly regulated at the cellular and organismal level. Accordingly, dysregulated chole

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