• MiR has already been implicated in the protective effects

  2024-06-04

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• Limitations of this study include the use

  2024-06-04

  

  Limitations of this study include the use of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which show different characteristics than primary cardiomyocytes [56]. Furthermore, sustained TAC in Ampkα1-deficient mice did not favorably influence cardiac function [33]. It must be kept in mind that global Ampkα1-deficiency may af

• Aggregated A species have been studied

  2024-06-04

  

  Aggregated Aβ species have been studied by an array of biophysical techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) [55], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [56], [57], X-ray diffraction [58], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) [59], [60], circular dichroism (CD) [61], and nuclear magnetic res

• Because of the critical roles played

  2024-06-04

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• There are several reports providing evidences that functiona

  2024-06-04

  

  There are several reports providing evidences that functional and mechanistic connection between Sirt1 and LKB1/AMPK in metabolic regulation [26], [32], [33]. It has been reported that the deacetylation of LKB1 by Sirt1 is one of the determining factors of the subcellular localization of LKB1. In ag

• A number of interesting anti inflammatory molecules have als

  2024-06-04

  

  A number of interesting anti-inflammatory molecules have also been identified that are derived from AA or ω−3 fatty acids, including the lipoxins (for “lipoxygenase interaction products”), resolvins, and protectins [18], [19] (Fig. 1). The lipoxins are synthesized from AA by 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, as

• As regards feeding the ability to dissipate surplus

  2024-06-03

  

  As regards feeding, the ability to dissipate surplus energy in the form of heat is beneficial for animals if the protein concentration in the food is low, since it allows them then to meet the adequate protein intake requirement without getting fat. Some of the major dietary activators of the AHR ar

• Involvement of Adiponectin in the regulation of

  2024-06-03

  

  Involvement of Adiponectin in the regulation of imatinib resistance in human CML cells has not been hitherto examined. Therefore, in this study, we first established imatinib-resistant K562 CML cells, and then evaluated the effect of Adiponectin in reversing imatinib resistance. The data presented h

• Regarding A Rs and A ARs basal conditions generate

  2024-06-03

  

  Regarding A1Rs and A2ARs, basal conditions generate a low tone of endogenous adenosine and cause A1R activation, in contrast to situations of increased adenosine where A2AR activation becomes dominant. When adenosine concentrations rise, e.g. during hypoxia, also time appears likely important in reg

• mth1 pathway In terms of the ring

  2024-06-03

  

  In terms of the ring B C5′ position, while C5′-F (compound ) was tolerated, C5′-Me (compound ) and C5′-Cl (compound ) substitutions resulted in a loss in potency. However, the C5′-OMe substitution (compound ) resulted in a ∼3-fold increase in potency compared to . Modeling suggested a pseudo hydroge

• ACET The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine THA exe

  2024-06-03

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• As we previously observed in the NSFT Fukumoto

  2024-06-03

  

  As we previously observed in the NSFT (Fukumoto et al., 2014), the effect of LY341495 in the FST was also inhibited by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, indicating the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in the actions of LY341495. Among the 5-HT1A receptors, which exist both presynaptically and postsynapticall

• Introduction Cancer which is responsible for a million death

  2024-06-03

  

  Introduction Cancer, which is responsible for a million deaths each year, is universally feared, and approximately 50% of newly diagnosed cases can be cured [1]. The existing cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of them, are quickly losing efficacy. The

• At present the role of autophagy in

  2024-06-03

  

  At present, the role of autophagy in neurons remains controversial. Autophagy has homeostatic and waste-recycling functions and plays a protective role in neurodegeneration diseases. Moreover, it has been thought as a programmed cell death participating in the occurrence and development of various d

• ATM dependent initiation of radiation induced G M checkpoint

  2024-06-03

  

  ATM-dependent initiation of radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest is well established [11], [34], [35]. However, the ATR pathway may also be involved [36], [37]. Brown and Baltimore generated Cre/lox-conditional cell lines or caffeic acid with a kinase inactive allele of ATR (ATRkd) to evaluate

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